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Types of lung cancer
It is important to know what type of lung cancer you have, as different types of lung cancer respond to different treatments. There are quite a few different types of lung cancer but in general the disease is split into two main categories:
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) & Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Approximately 75% of people with lung cancer have non-small cell making it the most common group, whilst the remaining 25% have small cell.
Non-small cell lung cancer can be further sub-divided, as there are also different types of non-small lung cancer. Each one is made up of a different type of abnormal cell.
There are a variety of other types of lung cancer but most of them are rare. Mesothelioma and Carcinoid are two of the more common types.
Types of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Adenocarcinoma - it is more common in women and has a tendency to produce clumps of mucus/sputum in the smaller airways. This tumour can also arise from old scars in the lung tissue.Squamous carcinoma (also known as epidermoid carcinoma) - occurs most frequently in men and older people of both sexes and is the most common type of lung cancer in Great Britain . Appears as an irregular growth of pearl-like cells with a firm texture. It is the type of lung cancer most commonly operated on.
Large cell - this type of lung cancer tends to grow as a large, soft, bulky mass and can occur in any part of lung but frequently grows near the centre of the chest. It often spreads at an early stage.
Small Cell Lung Cancer
Small round cells that form fleshy lumps and usually starts in the larger airways. This type of lung cancer cell reproduces and grows very quickly. It may spread to the lymph nodes and/or other organs in the body.It is known to be more responsive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy than non-small cell lung cancers. In some cases surgery is also an option. Small cell lung cancer often reoccurs within a short space of time. You will attend regular check-ups after treatment is complete to ensure that if you have any reoccurrence it is found quickly.
Mesothelioma
Mesothelioma is closely associated with a history of asbestos exposure either through work or contact with a person in the asbestos industry. Generally is affects older males and may take 35-40 years from the date of first exposure for the cancer to develop. The cancer cells usually situate in the lining of the lung and have a habit of producing fluid. This may require draining from time to time but can improve breathing.There has been great debate as to the most effective treatments for this type of lung cancer; therefore it is worth discussing your options with your cancer doctor. It may be that you are offered a treatment that is still under clinical trial. This may involve having chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.
Please note that financial compensation from the government may be available if lung damage from exposure to asbestos is proven. There are contact numbers at the back of the booklet that will provide further information on this procedure.